学习 -- Intermediate English Lecture Foods
Caesar Salad 恺撒沙拉
A Caesar salad is a salad of romaine lettuce and croutons tossed with a dressing made from Parmesan cheese, lemon juice, olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, garlic, and black pepper. Caesar dressing is the key to a Caesar salad. In some variations, Parmesan cheese is replaced by Asiago. The original Caesar salad recipe did not contain pieces of anchovy; the slight anchovy flavor comes from the Worcestershire sauce. It is often prepared tableside and traditionally prepared in a wooden bowl.
The salad’s creation is generally attributed to restaurateur Caesar Cardini, an Italian immigrant who operated restaurants in Mexico and the United States. His daughter Rosa (1928-2003) recounted that her father invented the dish when a Fourth of July 1924 rush depleted the kitchen’s supplies. Cardini made do with what he had, adding the dramatic flair of tableside tossing by the chef. This story cannot be verified with certainty; however, it very well could have happened. The salad soon became a hit. In 1948, Cardini began to sell the dressing commercially under the name of Cardini’s.
Nowadays, many variations of the salad exist, for example, by topping a Caesar salad with grilled chicken, steak, or seafood. Certain Mexican restaurants may improvise on items such as substituting tortilla strips for croutons.
Chicago-Style Hot Dog 芝加哥热狗
A Chicago-style hot dog, also called Chicago Dog or Chicago Red Hot, is an all-beef frankfurter on a poppy seed bun, originating from the city of Chicago, Illinois. The hot dog is topped with yellow mustard, chopped white onions, bright green sweet pickle relish, a dill pickle spear, tomato slices or wedges, pickled sport peppers and a dash of celery salt. The complete assembly of a Chicago hot dog is said to be "dragged through the garden" due to the many toppings. The canonical recipe of a Chicago hot dog does not include ketchup, and there is a widely shared, strong opinion among many Chicagoans that ketchup is unacceptable. A number of Chicago hot dog vendors do not offer ketchup as a condiment.
The "dragged through the garden" style is heavily promoted by Vienna Beef and Red Hot Chicago, the two most prominent Chicago hot dog manufacturers. Several popular hot dog stands serve a simpler version: a steamed natural-casing dog with only mustard, onions, plain relish and sport peppers, wrapped up with hand-cut French fries. Many vendors also offer a hot dog with cheese sauce, known as a cheese dog.
Hot dogs are among Americans’ favorite foods and are regarded as a fun food by many Americans. In America, sports and hot dogs go together like cookies and milk. People often eat hot dogs while watching sports, which is an American tradition with a long history.
Fish and Chips 炸鱼薯条
Fish and chips, a hot dish of English origin, consists of battered fish, commonly Atlantic cod or haddock, and deep-fried chips. It is a common takeaway food in the United Kingdom.
The dish became popular in wider circles in London and South East England in the middle of the 19th century as a consequence of the rapid development of trawl fishing in the North Sea, and the development of railways which connected the ports to major industrial cities. Traditional frying uses beef dripping or lard; however, vegetable oils, such as peanut oil (used because of its relatively high smoke point) now predominate. In chip shops in the United Kingdom and Ireland, salt and vinegar is traditionally sprinkled over fish and chips at the time it is served. A portion of mushy peas is a popular side dish.
In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, fish and chips are usually sold by independent restaurants and takeaways known as fish and chip shops. These shops reached a staggering 35,000 in the 1930s, later falling to around 11,000. The record for the largest number of portions sold in one day by an independent fish and chip shop is over 4,000.
French Bread 法式面包
French bread is a classic representative of French cuisine. The French are known for their culinary expertise. Though difficult to believe, a national law in France directs that traditional French bread should contain only flour, water, salt and yeast or leaven. This is an example of the seriousness with which the French treat their food.
The familiar baguette is usually made from white wheat flour. It has a firm, chewy crust and an airy interior, often helped by careful fermentation. The French value fresh bread, and many bakeries bake bread several times a day. With globalization, French-style bread is now prepared across the world.
French bread is a much-loved dinner component. Its crusty exterior makes it more delicious and adds pleasure at the dining table. The French baguette has a long, narrow shape, with a crisp crust and slits that allow steam and gases to escape while the soft crumb develops inside the bread. Because traditional French bread uses only a few basic ingredients and no preservatives, it can go stale much faster than many commercially prepared breads.
Coffee Beverages 咖啡饮品
There are various types of notable beverages made from coffee. An affogato (Italian for ‘drowned’) is a coffee-based beverage or dessert. ‘Affogato style’, which refers to pouring espresso over a drink or dessert, may also incorporate caramel sauce or chocolate sauce.
A black eye is drip-brewed coffee with a double shot of espresso. It has a strong taste. Caffè Americano, or simply Americano, is a style of coffee prepared by adding hot water to espresso, giving it a similar strength to, but different flavor from, regular drip coffee. The drink consists of a single or double shot of espresso combined with between 1 and 16 fluid ounces (30-470 ml) of hot water. The strength of an Americano varies with the number of shots of espresso added.
A café au lait is traditionally the French way of preparing ‘coffee with milk’, both at home and in cafés in Europe. Similar to the Portuguese galão, a latte is made with espresso and steamed milk, generally in a 1:3 to 1:5 ratio of espresso to milk, with a little foam on top.
Coffee milk is a drink similar to chocolate milk; however, instead of chocolate syrup, coffee syrup is used. It is the official state drink of Rhode Island in the United States. Cappuccino is a coffee-based drink prepared with espresso, steamed milk, and milk foam.
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